Linux Apache MySQL PHP Blog: Compiling PHP and Apache 2 from source on Linux OS

Introduction

This article will provide beginners and others new to Apache 2 and PHP compilation,
detailed information about how to compile PHP and
Apache 2 on Linux system. Even if you just want to learn how to compile software from source
on Linux like OS, this article will provide enough information to get you started. After
reading this article any person, who hasn't yet compiled any software from source, will be
able to compile and run PHP and Apache on his Linux Machine (hopefully).

In this article we are going to compile PHP as Apache 2 shared module because there is no
option, in case of Apache 2, to compile PHP as Apache static module. It was possible with
Apache versions prior to version 2.

{Note}I am using PHP 4 source code here, but users have reported that they have been able to successfully compile PHP 5 and Apache 2 also following this article.

If you just want steps, those are given here.

{Note} Compiling PHP as Apache 2 filter (shared module) is experimental at this time.

Why compile from source

You may ask, why we need to compile PHP and Apache from source when binary RPMs
are already available and which don't take much effort to setup. The reason is, it provides
you much more flexibility. Instead of being dependent on other people's RPMs you can decide
what PHP and Apache functionality you want to enable. Another reason is that these RPMs are
weeks or months out of date. When compiling from source, you can also specify the directory where software will be
installed. Also, after you see your compiled software working, it really provides great
satisfaction. Compilation process is really very straight forward.

Assumptions

I assume that you have basic skills required to operate Linux Operating System and you have root

privileges. No prior knowledge of compiling software from source code is assumed.

What you need

A Linux machine with enough RAM for your OS. I am using Red Hat Linux 7.1 because it is
the most used Linux distribution. This may also work on other Unix like systems with
little or no change but I haven't tested.

PHP source distribution available from http://www.php.net/.

Apache 2 source distribution available from http://www.apache.org.

Ansi C (Gnu C) compiler and other utilities like make, bison and flex

etc. These are usually installed when you install your Linux OS. But it depends on Linux
distribution you are using. You can check if gcc is installed by typing gcc
at shell prompt. Similarly you can type make to check if it is installed or not. If
these are not installed you can install these now from your Linux distribution's Cds. Or
you can download these from http://www.gnu.org.

Utilities like gunzip and tar, to extract source code from .tar.gz files.

Before you start

Before starting to compile Apache and PHP you must uninstall all previous Apache and PHP
related RPMs installed on your system. To uninstall these packages you can use Red Hat Package
Manager (rpm) utility. If you are using X Windows you can also use GUI utilities like gnorpm
and kpackge, if installed, to uninstall these RPMs.

Then download apache 2.0 source
and PHP source . These
files have .tar.gz extension. Save these files to any directory of your choice. I am using PHP
4.3.0 and Apache 2.0.44 and have these files in /usr/src directory.

{Note} I faced no problems with Apache 2.0.44 and PHP 4.3.0. When you try to use
other latest versions of PHP and Apache 2 or try to use older versions of PHP with
latest version of Apache 2 or vice-versa, which are not compatible, you may face problems.
Some did face these problems, three of which are mentioned here.

Most others faced no problems with Apache 2.0.40 / 2.0.43 and PHP 4.2.3 and Apache 2.0.44
and PHP 4.3.0. So, you shouldn't face any compatibility problem, if using Apache 2.0.44 and
PHP 4.3.0.

Compilation Process

Login as root to follow these steps.

As I earlier said, we are going to build PHP as Apache 2 shared module. Apache provides a
facility to extend its functionality using separate modules. When PHP is compiled as Apache
shared module its object code is not included in httpd binary. Instead, it works as a separate
module which can be loaded by Apache and can also be disabled.

Compiling Apache

Using shell, (or open a new virtual console window if working in X Windows) change to
directory where you have downloaded Apache 2 source. In my case it is /usr/src.

$ cd /usr/src

{Note} Beginners please note that $ is the just shell prompt symbol and it shouldn't be typed. It
is used just to show that these lines should be typed at shell prompt.

Then we have to extract Apache source code from compressed httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz. To
decompress this file use:

$ gunzip httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz or gzip -d httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz

Now you will have a new file named httpd-2.0.44.tar in your current directory. Now to
extract its contents use:

$ tar -xvf httpd-2.0.44.tar

Both above steps can be completed with a single command:

$ tar -zxvf httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz

A new directory httpd-2.0.44 will be created in your current directory. For me it is /usr/src/httpd-2.0.44.

Now change to this directory:

$ cd /usr/src/httpd-2.0.44

Now we have to configure apache for compilation.

Configure Script

Almost every software which comes with its source code contains a configure script,
which performs many checks and then prepares software for compilation. For example, it checks
which kind of compiler is available and whether required libraries are installed or not. It
also enables us to customize software according to our requirements. For example, we can
specify where software will be installed.

Name of this script is normally configure. Apache also provides a configure script
file named configure in its source directory (/usr/src/httpd-2.0.44 in my case). Using
this script we can decide where Apache will be installed and which optional modules we want to
compile etc. There are many options which can be supplied to configure. To see a list
of options supported by configure, type:

$ ./configure --help

It will show a complete list of all options supported by the version of Apache that you have
downloaded.

These options
normally start with a "--with-xxx" and "--enable-xxx" and are separated by
space. Where xxx is the name of the option like --enable-so (for apache configure
script) and --with-mysql (for PHP configure script). Options we will be using for
Apache are --prefix and --enable-so.

Execute this command in the Apache source directory:

$ ./configure --prefix=/wwwroot --enable-so

First option --prefix tells configure script that we want Apache to be
installed in directory /wwwroot. If we don't provide a prefix option than it'll be installed
in default location, which is /usr/local/apache2.

I am installing everything in /wwwroot because:

when a new version of PHP and Apache is released, I only have to rename /wwwroot
directory to some other name like /wwwrootold and then I can install new versions in
/wwwroot directory again. If new installation works properly then I can simply copy
configuration files from old directory to /wwwroot.

users new to compiling software from source, after compiling and installing it, try to
find a way to uninstall the software. So, benefit of keeping everything at one place is;
if someone wants to uninstall Apache and PHP then he just has to delete /wwwroot directory
(After stopping Apache, if it is running).

Second option --enable-so tells configure to enable module so, which
allows Apache to load shared modules. We need this option because we are compiling PHP as
Apache shared module.

Example Apache configure command line looks like this. After configure finishes we have to compile Apache.

make

To compile Apache a utility called make is used. make reads a file named
Makefile in the source directory. In the Makefile step by step instructions are written about
how to compile the software. Benefit of using make is that if some of the source files are
changed and we compile software again, then only files which are changed and files which
depend on changed files are recompiled.

To compile Apache source we have to issue this command in the Apache source directory
(/usr/src/httpd-2.0.44):

$ make

When you type make It will start compiling Apache. It will take several minutes depending
upon the speed of your computer. After make finishes, shell prompt is available. Now source has
been compiled. We will use make install command to install Apache

$ make install

This will install Apache to /wwwroot directory. Now test your Apache installation by
starting Apache:

$ /wwwroot/bin/apachectl start

If you are returned to shell prompt and no error etc. is displayed then Apache is started.

Now you can open a web browser like lynx and visit Apache homepage:

$ lynx http://localhost

It'll show Apache homepage, where you can read Apache documentation to know more about
Apache.

To stop Apache you can use:

$ /wwwroot/bin/apachectl stop

Compiling PHP

Change to directory where you have downloaded PHP source.

$ cd /usr/src

Then we have to extract PHP source files from php-4.3.0.tar.gz file.

To decompress the compressed file use:

$ gunzip php-4.3.0.tar.gz

You will have a file named php-4.3.0.tar in your current directory. Now to extract its
contents use:

$ tar -xvf php-4.3.0.tar

Both above steps can be completed by using this command:

$ tar -zxvf php-4.3.0.tar.gz

A new directory php-4.3.0 will be created in your current directory. For me its
/usr/src/php-4.3.0.

Now change to this directory:

$ cd /usr/src/php-4.3.0

Now we have to configure PHP for compilation process. There are hundreds of options which
can be provided to configure script. These options include the option to specify where PHP
should be installed, which functionality should be enabled, like functionality to access mysql
databases from PHP and which extensions have to be compiled etc. To see a list
of options supported by PHP configure, type:

$ ./configure --help

It'll show a list of all options supported by the version of PHP that you are using.

Extensions provide additional
functionality which core PHP doesn't provide. For example to create images --with-gd
option can be used. But for these extensions to work, appropriate libraries must have been
installed. If you use some --with option and that library isn't installed on your
system then configure will fail. So, my advice is, for the first time don't try to use any
extension.

To compile PHP as Apache shared module we have to provide path to apache apxs
utility, which in our case was installed in /wwwroot/bin/ when we installed Apache. So, in PHP
source directory (/usr/src/php-4.3.0) execute this command :

$ ./configure --prefix=/wwwroot/php --with-apxs2=/wwwroot/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/wwwroot/php --with-mysql

First option --prefix=/wwwroot/php tells configure script that we want PHP to
be installed in /wwwroot/php directory. Otherwise it'll be installed in some default location
(/usr/local).

Second option --with-apxs2 specifies that we want to install PHP as Apache 2
shared module.

Third option --with-config-file-path specifies that PHP should look for
php.ini file in /wwwroot/php directory. Php.ini file contains various settings, which can be
used to configure PHP after it has been installed. Settings like path to directory where php
extensions are installed. Options like max_execution_time in php.ini specifies maximum
time a script is allowed to run before it is terminated by PHP parser.

{Note} You don't have to specify name of the php.ini file when using
--with-config-file-path option. Only directory path where php.ini file will be stored
has to be specified. So, don't use --with-config-file-path=/wwwroot/php/php.ini,
but instead use --with-config-file-path=/wwwroot/php.

Fourth option --with-mysql enables support to access mysql databases through
PHP. After --with-mysql we can optionally specify directory where mysql is installed
like --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql. To use mysql database functions you must have mysql
database installed on your system. If you don't have mysql installed you can remove this
option. If this option is not used then library, which is bundled with PHP is used to access
mysql databases.

Example PHP configure command line looks like this.

After configure finishes. You have to type make to compile PHP:

$ make

It will take several minutes to compile. After make finishes and, no error etc. is
displayed then PHP has been compiled successfully. If any warning is displayed then,
normally, you can ignore it.

After this, if Apache is running stop Apache:

$ /wwwroot/bin/apachectl stop

Now you can execute make install from within PHP source directory to install PHP to
/wwwroot/php directory:

$ make install

make install will install PHP4 module to Apache's modules sub-directory (/wwwroot/modules)
and add a
line like this:

LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so

to apache configuration file (/wwwroot/conf/httpd.conf). This line allows Apache to
automatically load PHP module when Apache starts. If this line is not added by PHP install,
which in my case wasn't, then you can add it yourself. To add this line yourself, search
for a word LoadModule in /wwwroot/conf/httpd.conf file. This word will be somewhere under
section "Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support". Under this section, on a new
line, add the above line.

{Note} All lines that start with a # are comments and are ignored
by Apache.

Now you have to add another line to this httpd.conf file so that Apache invokes PHP parser
whenever a file with extension php (.php) is accessed. When PHP parser is invoked by Apache it
reads .php file which contains PHP code blocks, html tags and other text. Parser then executes
PHP code found inside <?php and ?> blocks and then merges PHP code results and other
html content (as is). Resulting output is then sent back to Apache which in turn sends it to
web browser which requested the file.

The line to be added is:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

To add this line search for word AddType in httpd.conf file. There will be a line like
this:

AddType application/x-tar .tgz

Below this line add (on a new line):

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

{Note} If you are unable to find any AddType line, then add the above line at the end
of the file.

{Note} With Apache 2_0_28-beta line to be added at the end of httpd.conf file was:

<Files *.php> SetOutputFilter PHP SetInputFilter PHP </Files>

But with Apache 2.0.44 AddType syntax has to be used.

You can add any file extension in addition to .php if you want to invoke PHP parser for any
other file extension also. Like:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml

will invoke PHP parser whenever any file with phtml extension (.phtml) is accessed.

Save this file and then start Apache:

$ /wwwroot/bin/apachectl start

If no error message is displayed and everything is fine, Apache is
started and you are returned to shell prompt.

{Note} With version 2.0.43 / 2.0.44 of Apache I have noticed a small problem. When
you are experimenting with various PHP settings and trying to stop and start Apache again
and again, then sometimes when you stop Apache all httpd processes are not stopped. Then if
you try to start Apache again it displays error message like port is already used etc. and
it doesn't start. It happens only sometimes and not always. To solve this problem you have
to manually kill that httpd process, using its process id (pid). To see the pid of
that httpd process you can use:

ps -A

it will display processes that are running. If there is any httpd process in the list
displayed, then note its pid and then use:

kill -9 <pid>

replace <pid> with the actual process id of the httpd process. Also
sometimes more than one httpd processes are displayed and you have to kill all httpd process
otherwise you won't be able to start Apache.

Testing the PHP Installation

Now create a PHP file named info.php, using any editor like vi or emacs, in the
/wwwroot/htdocs directory and enter three lines, shown below, in this
file. Directory /wwwroot/htdocs is Apache root directory. Apache publishes all files present
in this directory to web users. This directory can be changed by editing httpd.conf file and
changing DocumentRoot value to some other directory.

info.php

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Save this file and then access this file using a web browser like lynx or Netscape
Navigator by entering a url like this:

http://localhost/info.php

If PHP was installed successfully a page, shown in the image below, will
be displayed containing detailed information about your PHP installation, Apache environment
and PHP extensions loaded etc.

Click for a larger image.

Now you can copy /usr/src/php-4.3.0/php.ini-dist to /wwwroot/php/ directory as php.ini.

{Note} Default location of php.ini is <installpath>/lib (if not changed at
compile time using --with-config-file-path option).

$ cp /usr/src/php-4.3.0/php.ini-dist /wwwroot/php/php.ini

You can change your PHP settings by editing php.ini file. For information about php.ini and
its different settings see http://www.php.net/manual/en/configuration.html.

Now restart apache:

$ /wwwroot/bin/apachectl restart

Enabling some PHP extensions

If you are feeling comfortable about compiling PHP and Apache and everything is
working fine then you can enable some PHP extensions or use some other configure options. First you have to run PHP configure
script again and add relevant --with-xxx or --enable-xxx option, where xxx is the name of the extension or option you
want to enable.

For a list of core configure options supported by PHP
see http://www.php.net/manual/en/configure.php.
To find out all configure options supported by version of PHP source code that you have downloaded, you have to run ./configure --help in your PHP source directory.

It will display a list of all the configure options supported by that PHP version. As I already said, for any extension to work its library must have been installed otherwise
configure will fail. These extensions just provide an interface to the actual library. Then,
after stopping Apache,
you'll have to run make followed by make install again in PHP source directory.

For example if you want to create images using PHP, you first need to install gd
library using RPMs or by compiling from source. Then you can use --with-gd option to
enable gd support from PHP like this:

$ ./configure --prefix=/wwwroot/php --with-apxs2=/wwwroot/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/wwwroot/php --with-gd

{Note} GD depends on some other libraries to create images in different formats. So,
some other libraries like png,
jpeg, zlib also have to be installed.

PHP configure will try to find directory where gd and other libraries and their header
files are installed by searching some default library and include paths, like /usr and
/usr/local. Header files are normally found inside include directory, like /usr/local/include,
and library files are found inside lib directory e.g. /usr/local/lib. If configure
is unable to find gd library then you can specify path where you installed gd library like
this:

$ ./configure --prefix=/wwwroot/php --with-apxs2=/wwwroot/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/wwwroot/php --with-gd=/usr

If you compile gd from source then it'll be installed by default in /usr/local. There was
no configure script provided with gd library I used, and I had to edit Makefile to change
default install location.

Since PHP version 4.3.0, gd library is bundled with PHP distribution. This version of gd
has support for some more image related features. PHP documentation suggests that this bundled
version should be used in preference to the external gd library which you may install
yourself.

So, if you are using PHP 4.3.0, you just have to use --with-gd option without
specifying any path and PHP will use the bundled gd library. But not all libraries on which gd
depends are bundled with PHP 4.3.0. So, you still need to install some other libraries like jpeg
, png and zlib
(for png) to create jpeg and png images with gd. In my case configure was unable to find
zlib, so I had to use --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local option. More detailed information about
installing this bundled gd library can be found here.

Conclusion

I think now you should feel comfortable about compiling software from source code. It is easy.
Now you can download php manual from PHP documentation

download page (http://www.php.net/download-docs.php)
and start exploring PHP. If you faced problems when trying to compile PHP
then you can subscribe to many related mailing lists (given below )
and post your problems there.

Do tell
me if you were able to compile PHP and Apache 2 from source after reading this information
and whether you found this information useful. I do check each and every mail I receive and
update this page according to any feedback provided. Also write to me if any links etc. don't
work or about any other problem with this page.

Resources

Mailing Lists

Mailing list for installation related issues is php-install@lists.php.net
. You can subscribe to general PHP mailing list by sending mail to php-general-subscribe@lists.php.net
. Information about mailing lists related to different PHP subjects can be found on PHP
support page (http://www.php.net/support.php).
There is a page on http://www.php.net
where you can subscribe to and unsubscribe from various mailing lists using web interface.

But before posting your problems at those mailing lists you should read faq at http://www.php.net/manual/en/faq.php
because solution to many problems is already given there. After reading faq if solution
isn't found, then try to search mailing list archives to see if question that you have isn't
already answered. Links to archive sites are given at PHP support
page. If you still cannot find an answer only then post your problem at those mailing
lists.

But you must remember that you have to provide complete details about what problem
you are facing, what you were doing when problem occurred, what was your configure line etc.
You should copy program's output, like error messages, from command line or log files and
append it to your message, only then someone will be able to help you on these mailing lists.

If you don't know how mailing list works, click
here.

About the Author

After doing his graduation in 1996 Sukhwinder started learning about computers and this is the thing
he is still doing. He used to spend most of his time in trying to learn languages and technologies. He has tried to learn almost all popular languages, OSes and software on his own, by experimenting or by getting information from books or web. This article is the result of that. He wrote it to help others like him. These days he doesn't have
any time for experimenting because he is working as a freelancer full time. If you
have any freelancing work related web development using php / mysql, asp /
sql server, java servlets or jsp, you can contact Sukhwinder (+91-98158-00532). See his CV here. If you liked the article and want to support author, please visit some of the google sponsers.

Linux Apache MySQL PHP Blog

Wednesday, August 22, 2007

Compiling PHP and Apache 2 from source on Linux OS